Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Mood-Altering Drugs

Women and Smoking

Consider the following:

• Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, causing more than 400,000 deaths each year¹ – more deaths than caused by AIDS, alcohol, drug abuse, car crashes, murders, suicides, and fires combined.²
  
  
• Nearly one in four people in the United States currently smoke. Half of all long-term smokers die of smoking-caused diseases.³
  
  
• Since 1987, lung cancer has been the leading cancer killer among women.³
  
  
• Heart disease is the overall leading cause of death among women, and smoking accounts for one of every five deaths from heart disease.³
  
  
• Women suffer gender-specific risks from tobacco, including harm to their reproductive health and complications during pregnancy.³
  
  
• From 1991 to 1999, smoking among high school girls increased by nearly 30 percent (from 27 to 34.9 percent).³
  

The statistics on women and smoking are grim, and understanding the myriad of reasons why women and girls smoke and crafting strategies that will help them avoid or quit remain central challenges to all who are concerned with the health and well-being of girls and women.

The websites listed below have comprehensive information on many different aspects of women and smoking, from data on use and health research to articles exploring the politics of tobacco prevention.

One of the most extensive sites is the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, whose goal is to stop the tobacco industry from targeting and eventually addicting kids. Their website is beautifully done and features incisive reports about the tobacco industry, the efficacy of stop smoking programs, the politics of tobacco farming, and the various legislative efforts to hold the tobacco companies accountable for the damage their product causes. They document the tobacco industry's long history of creating ads aimed specifically at women, as well as African Americans. "The tobacco industry's targeting of women and girls dates back to the 1920s and intensified in the late 1960s with the introduction of women-specific brands, including Philip Morris' Virginia Slims and its seductive 'You've Come A Long Way, Baby' advertising campaign. These ads cynically equated smoking with independence, sophistication and beauty and preyed on the unique social pressures that women and girls face. In the 1970s, women were targeted with advertising for so-called 'low tar' and 'light' brands, with implied claims of reduced risk that the tobacco companies knew to be false."

The targeting of women isn't limited to the US; tobacco companies have expanded their reach to international markets. Global Partnerships for Tobacco Control is an organization committed to supporting and strengthening global grassroots opposition to this expansion. In a review of one of their reports, Addicted to Profit: Big Tobacco's Expanding Global Reach, U.S. Representative Nancy Pelosi says, "Under fire in the United States for marketing a product which kills half of its regular users, Big Tobacco has been expanding its operations abroad where the opportunities for profit are much greater and its histories of lies and deceit not quite so well known. Addicted to Profit is a carefully documented exposé of this aggressive expansion. It provides the clearest argument to date why national tobacco legislation must include provisions to prevent these companies from spreading death and disease in the rest of the world."

Another online article, The New Face of Tobacco by Noy Thrupkaew, documents the specific tactics used by the tobacco industry to target women overseas and women of color in the U.S. Thrupkaew examines ads that tie empowerment, individuality, and rebellion to smoking. "I want to dance to my own music without others' direction," says a ballerina in a Japanese Virginia Slims ad. And to appeal to women in countries where smoking has traditionally been unacceptable for women, other ads ad, "I’m going the right way -- keeping the rule of the society, but at the same time I am honest with my own feeling. So I don’t care if I behave against the so-called 'rules’ as long as I really want to."

To find out more about the risks of smoking, the politics of tobacco, and the deceptions of tobacco advertising, check out the following websites:

• The International Network of Women Against Tobacco (INWAT) is a network of close to 1200 members in 70 different countries working toward the elimination of tobacco use and exposure among women.
  
  
• The World Health Organization's Tobacco Free Initiative aims to expose the tactics of the world tobacco industry and promote action for change.
  
  
• The Surgeon General's Report on Women and Smoking, a comprehensive summary of everything that is known about women and smoking in the US, is posted at the Center for Disease Control's Tobacco Information and Prevention Source (TIPS). You can also read the Surgeon General's report on The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke.
  
  
• The National Women's Health Information Center has a website called A Breathe of Fresh Air! to help women and girls quit smoking.
  
  
• Tobacco.org is a tobacco bulletin board with daily news updates, links to other tobacco control and tobacco industry sites, and a huge library of historical documents from legal cases against the tobacco industry.
  
  
• Our Health vs. Their Profits: The Lure of Smoking Continues for Girls is an article by OBOS co-founder and executive director Judy Norsigian that explores why girls and women begin smoking. The article discusses what we as feminists can do to prevent them from starting or to help them quit.
  
  
• Google Web Directory on Women's Health and Smoking Not all of the content here is from a feminist perspective, but this directory has an extensive, annotated list of online information on women and tobacco.
  
  
• This Kills Women: Do Feminist Groups Even Care?
  This Washington Post article examines why women's groups say little about the leading cause of preventable death among women; one factor covered is tobacco industry money accepted by women's groups.
  
  
• Burning Love: Big Tobacco Takes Aim at LGBT Youth is a grim article that draws parallels between the targeting of African Americans in the 1960s and 1970s and the current targeting of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered youth today. (*This article is posted as a .pdf file, which means that you need to have Adobe Acrobat Reader installed on your computer in order to read it. You can download Adobe Acrobat Reader for free by clicking here.)
  
  
• The American Legacy Foundation is a national independent health organization created with money from the legal settlement between 46 states and the tobacco industry. They aim to arm all young people with the knowledge and tools to reject tobacco, and to eliminate disparities in access to tobacco prevention and cessation services.

To read more about the statistics on women and smoking, click here. To read more about how advertising targets women and girls, see Our Health Versus Their Profits: The Lure of Smoking Continues for Girls.

ENDNOTES

¹ The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Smoking and Tobacco Use. Accessed at http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/adult_data/adult_cig_smoking.htm on 10/28/08.[back to the text]

² Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General - 2001 [back to the text]

Written By Our Bodies, Ourselves
Revised December 2004

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